Difference between revisions of "I/O sniffing"
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| + | Sometimes, for example when [[troubleshooting]] performance problems you need to understand how your system interacts with its [[hard disk]]s. You may have used [[ioMeter]] to measure your disks' speed and [[ioStat]] and [[sar]] to gather statistics. However sometimes you need to drill down deeper into the analysis, you need to understand what happens on the block level. I call this I/O sniffing. The goal is to observe packets like this: | ||
| + | |||
| + | initiator XYZ requests block 4711 from device 0815 | ||
| + | initiator BLA writes block 1234 to device 9876 | ||
| + | block 4711 arrives from device 0815 | ||
| + | |||
| + | It pays to have a good understanding about [[Bandwidth, latency and throughput]], [[block sizes]], caches, buffers, IOPS, async I/O vs sync I/O and buffered I/O vs direct I/O. | ||
| + | |||
You can do I/O sniffing using the command blktrace. blktrace will show you every request that goes to the disk. | You can do I/O sniffing using the command blktrace. blktrace will show you every request that goes to the disk. | ||
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# blktrace -d /dev/sdg -o - | blkparse -i - | # blktrace -d /dev/sdg -o - | blkparse -i - | ||
[...] | [...] | ||
| − | <abbr title="device (major/minor number)">8,96</abbr> <abbr title="processor">7</abbr> <abbr title="sequence number">106</abbr> <abbr title="timestamp">0.373952974</abbr> <abbr title="PID">11364</abbr> <abbr title="Event">D</abbr> <abbr title=" | + | <abbr title="device (major/minor number)">8,96</abbr> <abbr title="processor">7</abbr> <abbr title="sequence number">106</abbr> <abbr title="timestamp">0.373952974</abbr> <abbr title="PID">11364</abbr> <abbr title="Action/Event">D</abbr> <abbr title="RWBS (D) field">W</abbr> <abbr title="starting block + blocks">0 + 8</abbr> <abbr title="process">[kworker/7:2]</abbr> |
8,96 7 107 0.374456639 47 C W 0 + 8 [0] | 8,96 7 107 0.374456639 47 C W 0 + 8 [0] | ||
| − | + | The RWBS(D) field can be a combination of | |
| − | + | R : Read | |
| + | W : Write | ||
| + | D : Block discard | ||
| + | B : Barrier operation | ||
| + | S : Synchronous operations | ||
| + | |||
| + | = Exploring blktrace = | ||
| + | Using the command | ||
| + | blktrace -d /dev/sdg -o - | blkparse -i - |grep -v kworker | ||
| + | shows me all operations but the kernel ones. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Now the command | ||
| + | dd if=/dev/sdg count=1 | ||
| + | results in a lot of operations when I do it for the first time, but only "N" operations when I do it subsequently: The block is already in the files system cache. So let's omit the file system cache: | ||
| + | dd if=/dev/sdg count=1 iflag=direct | ||
| + | Now this results in a read operation every time I do it. iflag=direct circumvents the file system cache. With this flag it is no longer possible to set a wrong block size: | ||
| + | # dd if=/dev/sdg count=1 iflag=direct bs=8193 | ||
| + | dd: error reading ‘/dev/sdg’: Invalid argument | ||
| + | But it is possible to do IO in chunks of 16 blocks: | ||
| + | dd if=/dev/sdg count=1 iflag=direct bs=8192 | ||
| + | results in | ||
| + | 8,96 6 24 218.106376166 6904 D R 0 + 16 [dd] | ||
| + | |||
| + | You see here data is read in 16 sector chunks. This allows you to do '''I/O profiling''', finding out if your application does rather read or write and in which block sizes. | ||
| + | |||
| + | = See also = | ||
| + | * [http://linux.die.net/man/8/blktrace blktrace man page] | ||
| + | * [http://linux.die.net/man/1/blkparse blkparse man page] | ||
| + | * http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/105610/how-does-blktrace-work | ||
| + | * http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/105612/why-does-blktrace-only-write-blocks-of-8 | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[Category:geeky]][[Category:low-level]][[Category:analysis]] | ||
Latest revision as of 04:15, 19 April 2014
Sometimes, for example when troubleshooting performance problems you need to understand how your system interacts with its hard disks. You may have used ioMeter to measure your disks' speed and ioStat and sar to gather statistics. However sometimes you need to drill down deeper into the analysis, you need to understand what happens on the block level. I call this I/O sniffing. The goal is to observe packets like this:
initiator XYZ requests block 4711 from device 0815 initiator BLA writes block 1234 to device 9876 block 4711 arrives from device 0815
It pays to have a good understanding about Bandwidth, latency and throughput, block sizes, caches, buffers, IOPS, async I/O vs sync I/O and buffered I/O vs direct I/O.
You can do I/O sniffing using the command blktrace. blktrace will show you every request that goes to the disk.
Example:
# blktrace -d /dev/sdg -o - | blkparse -i - [...] 8,96 7 106 0.373952974 11364 D W 0 + 8 [kworker/7:2] 8,96 7 107 0.374456639 47 C W 0 + 8 [0]
The RWBS(D) field can be a combination of
R : Read W : Write D : Block discard B : Barrier operation S : Synchronous operations
Exploring blktrace
Using the command
blktrace -d /dev/sdg -o - | blkparse -i - |grep -v kworker
shows me all operations but the kernel ones.
Now the command
dd if=/dev/sdg count=1
results in a lot of operations when I do it for the first time, but only "N" operations when I do it subsequently: The block is already in the files system cache. So let's omit the file system cache:
dd if=/dev/sdg count=1 iflag=direct
Now this results in a read operation every time I do it. iflag=direct circumvents the file system cache. With this flag it is no longer possible to set a wrong block size:
# dd if=/dev/sdg count=1 iflag=direct bs=8193 dd: error reading ‘/dev/sdg’: Invalid argument
But it is possible to do IO in chunks of 16 blocks:
dd if=/dev/sdg count=1 iflag=direct bs=8192
results in
8,96 6 24 218.106376166 6904 D R 0 + 16 [dd]
You see here data is read in 16 sector chunks. This allows you to do I/O profiling, finding out if your application does rather read or write and in which block sizes.
