Pxe

PXE stands for Preboot Execution Environment. It is used to boot a computer using booting information from over the network.

Overview

The typical PXE boot looks like this:

1. Computer A starts. Its BIOS is set to do a PXE boot, so booting from the network.
2. Computer A acquires an IP address from dhcp server B.
3. Computer A downloads its booting files (initrd and kernel) via tftp from B.
4. Computer A executes the kernel just as if it had from its local hard disk.

How to start

In this example we use SUSE Linux 12.1.

DHCP

To allow your computers to boot from the network, they first need an IP address. So, set up a dhcp-server. Make sure /etc/dhcpd.conf contains the following lines:

allow booting;
allow bootp;
authoritative; # I am the one and only here

Make sure your "subnet" section contains the following lines:

next-server 192.168.0.5;
filename "pxelinux.0";

Make sure you have restarted your dhcpd:

/etc/init.d/dhcpd restart

TFTP

After your computers have received their IP address, they start asking for their booting file from the TFTP-server, in this case 192.168.0.5. So, make sure they can get it.

• Install tftp and syslinux:

# yast -i tftp syslinux

• copy syslinux' pxelinux.0 to /srv/tftpboot/:

# rpm -ql syslinux | grep pxelinux.0
/usr/share/syslinux/gpxelinux.0
/usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0
# cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /srv/tftpboot/

• Activate the tftp server. To do this, change /etc/xinetd.d/tftp. Replace

disable = yes

with

disable = no

Then restart xinetd which hosts tftpd:

/etc/init.d/xinetd restart

• Test it:

tftp 192.168.0.5 -c get pxelinux.0

Test your configuration now by booting a connected computer from PXE. You should get an error message saying that the configuration file pxelinux.cfg/default has not been found.

pxelinux.cfg/default

Create a /srv/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default like this:

default linux
timeout 0
prompt 1
display display.msg

label linux
  kernel vmlinuz
  append initrd=initrd

• Now you must supply kernel (vmlinuz) and initrd into the tftp folder:

cp /boot/vmlinuz /srv/tftpboot
cp /boot/initrd /srv/initrd

Change initial ramdisk

If you now want to change the initrd to actually do something, you can do it like this:

cd /srv/tftpboot
mkdir tmp
cd tmp
cp ../initrd ./initrd.gz
gunzip initrd.gz
mkdir tmp2
cd tmp2
cpio -id < ../initrd

Do the needed changes now in this folder. Then pack the initrd again:

find . | cpio --create --format='newc' > ../newinitrd
cd ..
gzip newinitrd

Your new initrd is now called newinitrd.gz.

Basic setup

The goal here is to be able to boot a Linux shell from PXE.

For this I took the initrd and kernel from the SUSE 12.1 install DVD and modified the initrd. I replaced /init on the initrd by /bin/bash. Then I copied busybox to /bin. Then I booted from PXE. Then I mounted /proc:

mount -t proc proc /proc

RIP

cd /srv
wget http://www.tux.org/pub/people/kent-robotti/looplinux/rip/RIPLinuX-13.7.PXE.zip
unzip RIPLinux-11.3-non-X.PXE.zip

Ubuntu 10.04

The links are valid as of 2012-12-14.

sudo su -
apt-get install tftpd-hpa
wget http://ftp.debian.org/debian/dists/wheezy/main/installer-i386/current/images/netboot/netboot.tar.gz
tar xvzf netboot.tar.gz
sed -i 's/BOOT=local/BOOT=nfs/'  /etc/initramfs-tools/initramfs.conf

See also

• Wikipedia on PXE
• http://www.digitalpeer.com/id/linuxnfs
• http://www.jukie.net/bart/blog/nfsroot-on-debian
• https://wiki.xkyle.com/Building_A_PXE_Server#Rip
• http://www.pixelchaos.net/2009/02/15/diskless-booting-with-pxe-and-nfs/