Difference between revisions of "Your first steps on Linux"

From Linuxintro
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imported>ThorstenStaerk
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Good to see a tealnt at work. I can’t match that.
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Ok, so you have managed to install Linux on your computer. You have started it and logged in. You now wonder what comes next.
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= Open a console =
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A console is text-based window where you can enter commands for your Linux. To start a console, type ALT_F2 and enter '''konsole'''. You should see a screen like this:
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[[Image:Konsole.png]]
 +
 
 +
The background can be black, white, green, any color. So can be the font. "tweedleburg" is my hostname, it can be different for you. Anyway, most important is you can write into it. What you write are commands to be executed. For example the command '''firefox''' will start the firefox browser:
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[[Image:Konsole-firefox-command.png]]
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From now on, we will no longer use graphical files to show you what to do, but a box like the following:
 +
tweedleburg:~ # firefox
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ok? Super, let's go on. You can also auto-complete your command. Type
 +
firef
 +
and then the tabulator key once or twice. The system will show you all available commands starting with firef or complete your command automatically.
 +
 
 +
= Join a chat =
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Chat with other Linux users about problems. Everyone who asks questions can at the same time answer. Go to http://webchat.freenode.net/ and join channel #suse for SUSE Linux questions.
 +
 
 +
= File commands =
 +
You can list the files in your directory using the command '''ls''', for example:
 +
tweedleburg:/etc/apache2 # ls
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charset.conv        httpd.conf  mod_autoindex-defaults.conf  mod_status.conf    ssl-global.conf  ssl.key      vhosts.d
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conf.d              listen.conf  mod_info.conf                mod_userdir.conf    ssl.crl          ssl.prm
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default-server.conf  magic        mod_log_config.conf          mod_usertrack.conf  ssl.crt          sysconfig.d
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errors.conf          mime.types  mod_mime-defaults.conf      server-tuning.conf  ssl.csr          uid.conf
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[[ls|learn more about ls]]
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You can find out how much space is available on your disk by typing df -h (disk free, human readable):
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tweedleburg:~ # df -h
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Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
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/dev/sda1            917G  205G  667G  24% /
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udev                  2.0G  164K  2.0G  1% /dev
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/dev/sdb2            294G  274G  5.4G  99% /mnt/sdb2
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On the directories beneath the root ("/"), there are 667 GB free. But under /mnt/sdb2, there are only 5.4 GB available.
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 +
= Set up a printer =
 +
Setting up a printer does not work inside a virtual machine (that is, it does not work without tricks). Anyway, if your Linux is running on real hardware, set up your printer using
 +
yast2 printer
 +
 
 +
= See also =
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* [http://librenix.com/?inode=4052 an introduction to Linux in 10 commands]
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 +
'''How do you like this site?'''
 +
<html>
 +
<form action="http://www.linuxintro.org/feedback.php">
 +
<textarea name=feedbacktext cols="30" rows="5">
 +
</textarea>
 +
<button>submit</button>
 +
</form>
 +
</html>

Revision as of 12:26, 25 January 2012

Ok, so you have managed to install Linux on your computer. You have started it and logged in. You now wonder what comes next.

Open a console

A console is text-based window where you can enter commands for your Linux. To start a console, type ALT_F2 and enter konsole. You should see a screen like this:

Konsole.png

The background can be black, white, green, any color. So can be the font. "tweedleburg" is my hostname, it can be different for you. Anyway, most important is you can write into it. What you write are commands to be executed. For example the command firefox will start the firefox browser:

Konsole-firefox-command.png

From now on, we will no longer use graphical files to show you what to do, but a box like the following: 

tweedleburg:~ # firefox

ok? Super, let's go on. You can also auto-complete your command. Type 

firef

and then the tabulator key once or twice. The system will show you all available commands starting with firef or complete your command automatically.

Join a chat

Chat with other Linux users about problems. Everyone who asks questions can at the same time answer. Go to http://webchat.freenode.net/ and join channel #suse for SUSE Linux questions.

File commands

You can list the files in your directory using the command ls, for example: 

tweedleburg:/etc/apache2 # ls
charset.conv         httpd.conf   mod_autoindex-defaults.conf  mod_status.conf     ssl-global.conf  ssl.key      vhosts.d 
conf.d               listen.conf  mod_info.conf                mod_userdir.conf    ssl.crl          ssl.prm
default-server.conf  magic        mod_log_config.conf          mod_usertrack.conf  ssl.crt          sysconfig.d
errors.conf          mime.types   mod_mime-defaults.conf       server-tuning.conf  ssl.csr          uid.conf

learn more about ls

You can find out how much space is available on your disk by typing df -h (disk free, human readable): 

tweedleburg:~ # df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1             917G  205G  667G  24% /
udev                  2.0G  164K  2.0G   1% /dev
/dev/sdb2             294G  274G  5.4G  99% /mnt/sdb2

On the directories beneath the root ("/"), there are 667 GB free. But under /mnt/sdb2, there are only 5.4 GB available.

Set up a printer

Setting up a printer does not work inside a virtual machine (that is, it does not work without tricks). Anyway, if your Linux is running on real hardware, set up your printer using 

yast2 printer

See also

How do you like this site? <html> <form action="http://www.linuxintro.org/feedback.php"> <textarea name=feedbacktext cols="30" rows="5"> </textarea> <button>submit</button> </form> </html>

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